Oven Temperature Converter
Three systems. One recipe. Problem solved.
Cooking from an international recipe often means translating oven temperatures. American recipes use Fahrenheit (F), European and Australian recipes use Celsius (C), and older British recipes use Gas Mark (a number 1-9 that corresponds to specific temperatures).
This converter handles all three. Enter a temperature in any unit, pick the target unit, get the equivalent. The conversion formulas are: F = (C * 9/5) + 32, and C = (F - 32) * 5/9. Gas Mark conversion is non-linear. Gas Mark 4 = 350F = 177C, Gas Mark 5 = 375F = 190C, and so on.
One practical note: most ovens have a plus or minus 15-25F margin from their set temperature. It is worth investing in a cheap oven thermometer to know yours. Our converter does not adjust for oven inaccuracy. Use the temperature your recipe calls for, and trust your thermometer.
All three equivalents
Enter a temperature above
Common Oven Temperatures
Fahrenheit, Celsius, Gas Mark, and descriptive names side by side.
| Fahrenheit | Celsius | Gas Mark | Name |
|---|---|---|---|
| 225F | 110C | Gas Mark 1/4 | Very cool / Keep warm |
| 275F | 140C | Gas Mark 1 | Slow |
| 300F | 150C | Gas Mark 2 | Slow-moderate |
| 325F | 165C | Gas Mark 3 | Moderate |
| 350F | 175C | Gas Mark 4 | Moderate (most common) |
| 375F | 190C | Gas Mark 5 | Moderate-hot |
| 400F | 200C | Gas Mark 6 | Hot |
| 425F | 220C | Gas Mark 7 | Very hot |
| 450F | 230C | Gas Mark 8 | Very hot |
| 475F | 245C | Gas Mark 9 | Extremely hot |
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The Reference
Fahrenheit-Celsius formula: C = (F - 32) * 5/9. Gas Mark is a UK gas oven scale where each Mark represents roughly 25F / 14C intervals. A fan (convection) oven runs effectively 25F / 15C hotter than its set temperature.
Reduce recipe temps by this amount if your oven is convection-only. Most recipes are written for conventional (non-fan) ovens. Check your recipe source if unclear.
Understanding International Oven Standards
The three major oven temperature systems reflect different culinary traditions. Fahrenheit (F) dominates American recipes, with 350F as the canonical "moderate" baking temperature. Celsius (C) is universal outside the US, with 180C being the equivalent "moderate" standard. Gas Mark is a British system developed for gas ovens in the early 20th century, where numbers 1-9 correspond to specific gas flow rates that produce specific temperatures.
Convection (fan) ovens circulate air actively, increasing heat transfer to food. A 350F conventional oven and a 325F convection oven cook food at approximately the same rate. When converting recipes for a convection oven, reduce temperature by 25F (15C) or reduce time by 20% (not both).
Oven calibration matters. Invest in a 5-dollar oven thermometer and leave it in your oven for a week. If your oven consistently reads 25F high or low compared to the set temperature, adjust your baking to compensate. Our meat cooking time calculator and turkey cooking time calculator assume an accurate oven.
How to Use
- Enter a temperature.
- Select the unit you are starting from.
- See equivalents in all three systems (F, C, Gas Mark).
Frequently Asked Questions
What is 350F in Celsius?
175C (sometimes rounded to 180C). This is one of the most common baking temperatures worldwide. The standard moderate oven temperature.
What does moderate oven mean?
Traditionally, 350F / 175C / Gas Mark 4. Older cookbooks use terms like slow (275F), moderate (350F), hot (425F), or very hot (450F plus). Our table above covers all common designations.
Should I adjust for a fan or convection oven?
Yes. Fan ovens cook 10-15% faster and hotter due to air circulation. Standard advice: reduce temperature by 25F / 15C, OR reduce cooking time by 20%. Never both. Check manufacturer documentation.
Why is Gas Mark not linear?
Historical UK convention predating precise temperature controls. Gas Mark numbers roughly correspond to specific gas flow levels in vintage gas ovens, which do not map linearly to temperature. Modern gas ovens simulate the old Marks for compatibility with British recipes.
My oven runs hot or cold. How do I compensate?
Get an oven thermometer (5-10 dollars), leave it in the oven for a week of cooking, and note the difference between set and actual temperature. If your oven runs 25F hot, set it 25F lower than the recipe calls for. Always verify finished dishes by appearance and thermometer, not time alone.
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